Neurology Clerkship eBook - Introduction Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Neurology Clerkship eBook - Introduction - Thesis Example 2. The â€Å"best† instruction for the eBook should be efficient in a way that it demands less time from the learners to allow for achievement of the goals; effective in a way that it facilitates acquisition of identified skill and knowledge by a learner; and appealing in such a way that it interests and motivates the learner, thus promoting participation in the learning task(McGrane & Lofthouse, 2012). 4. The evaluation of the instructional eBook should include evaluation of its instructional effectiveness among the Neurology clerkships and evaluation of the performance of the learners.(McGrane & Lofthouse, 2012) Information concerning evaluation of the instruction is enough for guiding revision of the instruction with the view to making it appealing, efficient, and effective. The process of determining instructional materials’ effectiveness through randomized large-scale experiments is uncommon due to its high expenses and increased time requirements. Various smaller studies have been carried out in the view of examining how effective it is to introduce new packages of instructional approaches in comparison to the existing ill-defined instructional approaches. Most of these studies offer useful information concerning exploitation of alternative instructional methods such as the development of an instructional e-Book for Neurology Clerkship among Medicine students.However, there are various limitations. One of the limitations of this study is the failure of evaluating most of the instructional approaches, especially among studies that offer useful information to practitioners and policymakers (Andrews, 2013). This is a problem that worsens with the exploitation of web-based open-source instructional materials such as the instructional eBooks. Another important issue is the constant nature of the studies even as they remain outdated and unable to suit the constantly updated instructional approaches. As such,

Discussion wk 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion wk 4 - Assignment Example Similarly, firms that are looking to minimize their risk even at a higher cost would go for conservative financing strategies. Nominal interest rate is also termed as the stated interest rate. This interest rate does not include the compounding of the period or the time of the loan or investment and this interest rate is the simple interest rate. On the other hand, effective interest rate considers the compounding of the period throughout the period of the loan or investment. Effective interest rate is used in order to analyze and compare the annual interest between loans or investment with different time periods. Generally, the nominal interest rate is less than the effective interest rate (Elias). Therefore the main factor that causes these two types of interest rate to differ is the period of the loan or investment. Elias, G. What is the difference between effective interest rates and nominal interest rates?. Engineering Economy, 26 Jan. 2014.

Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley | Alienation

Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley | Alienation In the story of Frankenstein, Victor, a scientific genius, created a monster known as Frankenstein. He abandons the monster as soon as he creates it. Frankenstein, the monster, experienced bad parenting growing up. No one ever taught him any manners at all. In this story, Victor and Frankenstein are both alienated by society for different reasons. The monster is rejected by society because of his terrifying physical appearance and his reactions towards people. Victor experienced alienation his entire life, when he was a child and family due to his scientific obsession. Therefore, in Frankenstein, Mary Shelley used the theme of alienation by having the two main characters, Victor and Frankenstein, alienated by society because people judged the monster based on his physical appearance and his reactions. While, Victor isolated himself from society due to his scientific experiments. Therefore, people alienated him because they thought of him as a very strange scientific maniac. As I previously mentioned, the monster was judged based on his physical appearance. As soon as everyone saw him they would start screaming in horror or run away. The monsters hideous appearance including his eight-foot long body caused people to react this way. This caused the monster to feel rage towards others. The monster would then groan in anger towards individuals. One day Frankenstein finally got to see himself in the mirror. And got surprised. Then he realized why people were so terrified by his physical appearance. This is all Victor fault because if Victor had not created him or messed up during his experiment the monster would of never have had to suffer because of this. The monsters reactions toward people also played a major role in why he was alienated. Whenever he saw how people reacted to him, he would go crazy. He would groan in a very frightening way. The monster reacted this way because of tow reason. First of all, he was rejected un fairly by society. Secondly, he felt very angry towards society. When the monster first came to life, he first saw Victor. Victor looked at him and got really scared. Then he decided to abandon the monster . The monster was raised with basically no parenting at all. He wasnt taught how to be polite or even how to act towards people. This is why the creature had no social skills at all. If the monster would have been raised with good parenting he would have been more of a human because he would of at least known how to act when others were around. The monster then began to feel confused because people didnt want to be around him. What caused him to be confused was that he had no idea why people reacted this way. He wanted to be loved. Unlike his creator he did not isolate himself from society. The monsters first experience with humans is when he meets the villagers. They threw stones at him, which aggravated him. The next experience the creature experienced was with the Dclacey family. This was the first time the monster actually wanted to be part of a certain family. The creature decided to hide because of his previous experience with humans. He was well aware that humans disliked him. As the monster was hiding, he observed the language in which they communicated, he believed it was like a godlike science, which would help him become more a human because if he could communicate like one that was a head start.. The monster continued to observe everything this family did for some time. The monster tried his best to be liked by society but failed. This made the monster come to the conclusion that he would never be accepted by humans. The creature demanded Victor to create a female companion for him. As Victor was working on this he gave up. He decided that he was no longer going to create a companion for the monster. This got the monster very angry. He got revenge by killing Elizabeth, Victors wife. As I have already stated, Victor Frankenstein also experienced alienation throughout this story. He experienced alienation from both his family and society. In Frankenstein, Victor is described as a man whos in love with science. He spent much of his time creating a monster. However, he wasnt aware of the consequences this would bring him. At the end of this story he spent much of his time trying to destroy this monster. As he tried to destroy the monster he isolated himself from society. He would always go to his lab and try to come up with other scientific creations. He regretted ever creating the monster because the monster caused him a lot of trouble. People then thought of him as some crazy scientific genius. Victors scientific views alienated him from all his surroundings. He had a very keen interest in since ever since he was a child. Him being so different from the rest of the family is what got them to alienate him. He just seemed so different and strange from the rest. As Victor was growing up, he became even more obsessed with science. This is what caused him to come up with all his crazy experiments and ideas. He decided to isolate himself from society and spend most of his time at his libratory , where he would mix all different types of chemicals and try to create new inventions. He lived his entire life this way. He had no regrets about any of this until he had created Frankenstein. That was when he had finally realized that he should of stopped all of his scientific experiments and call it quits. The monster got him more frightened then what he had ever been. As I previously mentioned, Victor refused to create a companion for Frankenstein. His reason for this was because he was afraid of making another huge mistake and having to face the consequences for his actions. However, the monster did not understand this and seeked revenge on his own creator by killing his wife Elizabeth. After the death of Elizabeth, Victor became even more scared of the monster because now he knew for a fact that the monster was capable of murdering others in order to get what he wants. Through out this story, both the creature and the creator suffer a lot because of alienation. Victor isolated himself from society. While the monster was alienated by the rest. The monster suffered more than Victor because he truly wanted to be loved. Victor just isolated himself due to obsession with scientific experimenting. The monster, on the other hand, tried his best to be part of society, but he failed and never was. Work Cited Alienation in Frankensteinhttp://ltu.se/ copyright of website 1971,1997 Themes and Construction: Frankenstein http://find.galegroup.com/ Shelly, Mary Frankenstein published by Lackington, Hughes on 1818 Abigail Williams: Friend or Foe? Abigail Williams: Friend or Foe? Abigail Williams, a villain, is manipulative and strong willed but her weaknesses of deception and desire fuel her jealousy of Elizabeth Proctor. To some she was a close companion, her and her small entourage of sneaky young girls, stir up a lot of problems with the small but well known settlement. Back to 1692 the mischievous girls all started with a devious plot to rid elizabeth proctor from the town, abigails hatred for the mistress was enough to put the whole town on the map for witchcraft. Maybe her intentions werent as evil as they see me, but maybe they were, at first the girls and titichuba gathered in the forest for just innocent encounters maybe just to make the boy of there dreams fall for them. Abigail quickly turned to selfishness, having john proctor wouldnt be enough for her, the 17 year old girls twisted intentions were out to kill. In my opinion she definitely is the brains behind this group of attention seeking, sportin girls. She can take everything to extensive drama just to prove silly falsehoods, Most definitely a very skilled actress. Abigail williams would do anything possible to keep her name out of the equation, she definitely did not want to be the root of the trouble, selfish yes, but im sure some could argue that she just wanted to keep her and her friends out of trouble, they were aware of their punishments, maybe being whipped and spanked. In abigails eyes peoples lives were not important she was only concerned about her image. Soon after the story beings you get to see her true colors. Betty one of the youngest turns cold and ill. Abigail has no compassion for even her own so called friend. The witty girl does not care as she threatens her, she is only worried about how much trouble she is going to be in because of bettys actions, even though she is definitely the cause of all the mischievous behavior . Shut up! All of you. We danced. That is all, and mark this, if anyone breathe a word or the edge of a word about the other things, I will come to you in the black of some terrible night, and I will bring with me a pointy reckoning that will shudder you! And you know I can do it. I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine. And I have seen some reddish work done at night. And I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! One of my favorite abigail williams quotes, even though this is just a little preview of how cruel she can be. The girls intentions become pure, she is doi ng all of this out of despite of john proctor. To her all the townspeoples lives are just part of a big game. The character struggles to make to right decisions and think about others very self conceited. As the story continues the truths unravel and you see the real side of the girls most just devious abigail. The very famous story of the witches in salem massachusetts because more and more popular by the year. As it is all started with the girls cruel scheme to ruin the life of john proctors beloved wife, and mother to two young boys. Abbi was very envious of elizabeth because she had what she always wanted. In the end, abbi lost and so did elizabeth. John Proctor does not make it to the end of this tragic story, if only abigail would have done whatever she could in her power, because she really did have too much power for such a young girl, maybe she would have saved the poor farmer and his family. Elizabeth quickly moves on and re marries,she was a good wife and to me didnt deserve all the drama john had put her through. She lives happily ever after, unfortunately so does abigail and all her young friends. Im sure never have a remorse and sorrowful bone in her body. Over all you can tell this young girl should have never had any sort of authority in a courtroom, her evil games and cruel ways, cost a towns reputation, and her own in my opinion. By the end of the story you see that she was just the talk of the town with her affair with john proctor she was not shunned or put to shame for it though. Even a couple years later only one of all the girls choose to apologize.

Comparing and Contrasting Society in the Book, The Lathe of Heaven and

Comparing and Contrasting Society in the Book, The Lathe of Heaven and the Movie, Matrix In the book The Lathe of Heaven, by Ursula K. Le Guin, there are many similarities and some differences in society in comparison to the movie Matrix. The two stories settings take place in different locations. Although, throughout both stories many huge changes are made, the people in the societies remain unaware of the changes. Then, similarly, only a certain few individuals are knowledgeable of the true reality. A difference between The Lathe of Heaven and the Matrix is the place setting. The Lathe of Heaven's characters are in the real world. The real world is physical and tangible, filled with items that tiger senses. People have feelings and react differently to situations. Each one depending on the person and the circumstance. The real world is the truth, the truth is reality. Although, this reality is changed with one night's dream, from George Orr. Orr is a man who has the ability to change truth, including history and every humans view of what reality is. When Orr dreams, h is thoughts become reality. With one dream he changes today, and the history. Orr is the only one who is aware of the original, true reality. In the Matrix, however, what the society believes to be the real world, is really a computer program invented and run by Machines. In the Matrix, Machines have taken over the human population and created a world, known as the Matrix. This world is only lived out through the minds of the people, as the people are kept in holding tanks. The world, or Matrix is a computer program, and only known to be a computer program by the Machines and a few selected individuals. Similarly, in The Lathe of Heaven and in the Matrix ... ...er begins to manipulate his dreams, abusing his ability to change reality. Orr decides to inform a lawyer, Heather Lelache, with hope she will aid in preventing Orrs dreaming. Together the three of them are the only ones aware of the dreams, and therefore the only ones knowledgeable of the original truth, true reality. In both stories, the novel, The Lathe of Heaven, and the movie, Matrix, the societies compare and contrast. The stores share in similar themes and plot but have different aspect to the changes made in society. The changes in society both, positively and negatively affect and influence the people. Included are powers that are overbearing and controlling that need to be stopped, such as the Machines and the dreaming. Similarly, both stories involve people who want to change the world for themselves and ones who prefer to allow God to plan the future.

Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 6

Your hair!† Amy screamed. â€Å"Gillian, your hair! What did you do to it?† Amy's own hair was short, cropped close in back and full in front. She had large, limpid blue eyes that always looked as if she were about to cry, because she was nearsighted but couldn't wear contacts and wouldn't wear glasses. Her face was sweet and usually anxious; just now it looked more anxious than normal. Gillian put a self-conscious hand to her head. â€Å"Don't you like it?† â€Å"I don't know! It's gone!† â€Å"This is true.† â€Å"But why?† â€Å"Calm down, Amy.† (If this is the way everybody's going to react, I think I'm in trouble.) Gillian had discovered that she could talk to Angel without moving her lips and that he could answer in her head. It was convenient. (Tell her you cut it because it froze. That ought to flip her guilt circuits.) Angel's voice sounded the same as it did when she could see him. Soft, wry, distinctly his. It seemed to be located just behind her left ear. â€Å"I had to cut it because it was frozen,† Gillian said. â€Å"It broke off,† she added brightly, inspired. Amy's blue eyes got even wider with horror. She looked stricken. â€Å"Oh, my God, Gillian-† Then she cocked her head and frowned. â€Å"Actually, I don't think that's possible,† she said. â€Å"I think it'd stay pliable even frozen. Unless, like, you dipped it in liquid nitrogen. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Whatever,† Gillian said grimly. â€Å"I did it. Listen, I've got it slicked back behind my ears right now, but the ends are sort of uneven. Can you smooth them out a little?† â€Å"I can try,† Amy said doubtfully. Gillian sat down, pulling together the neck of the rose-colored bathrobe she was wearing over her clothes. She handed Amy the scissors. â€Å"Got a comb?† â€Å"Yes. Oh, Gillian, I was trying to tell you. I'm so sorry about yesterday. I just forgot-but it's all my fault-and you almost died!† The comb quivered against the back of Gillian's neck. â€Å"Wait a minute. How did you find out about that?† â€Å"Eugeneheard it from Steffi Lockhart's little brother, and I think Steffi heard it from David Blackburn. Did he really save you? That's so incredibly romantic.† â€Å"Yeah, sort of.† (Uh, what do I tell people about that? What do I tell them about the whole thing?) (The truth. Up to a point. Just leave me and the near-death stuff out.) â€Å"I've been thinking all morning,† Amy was saying, â€Å"and I realized that I've been an absolute pig this last week. I don't deserve to be called a best friend. And I want you to know that I'm sorry, and that things are going to be different now. I came to pick you up first, and then we're going to getEugene .† (Oh, joy.) (Be nice, dragonfly. She's trying. Say thank you.) Gillian shrugged. It didn't seem to matter much what Amy did, now that she had Angel. But she said, â€Å"Thanks, Amy,† and held still as the cold scissors went snip behind her ear. â€Å"You're so sweet,† Amy murmured. â€Å"I thought you'd be all mad. But you're such a good person. I felt so terrible, thinking about you alone out there, freezing, and being so brave, trying to save a little kid-â€Å" â€Å"Did they find a kid?† Gillian interrupted. â€Å"Huh? No, I don't think so. Nobody was talking about anything like that last night. And I haven't heard about any kid being missing, either.† (Told you, dragonfly. Are you satisfied now?) (Yes, I am. Sorry.) â€Å"But it was still brave,† Amy said. â€Å"Your mom thinks so, too.† â€Å"My mom's up?† â€Å"She went to the store. She said she'd be back in a few minutes.† Amy stepped back and looked at Gillian, scissors held in the air. â€Å"You know, I'm not sure I should be doing this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Before Gillian could summon up a reply, she heard the sound of the front door opening and the rustling of paper bags. Then her mother appeared, her cheeks red with cold. She had two grocery bags in her arms. â€Å"Hi, girls,† she began, and broke off. She focused on Gillian's hair. Her mouth fell open. â€Å"Don't drop the bags,† Gillian said. She tried to sound careless, but her stomach was clenched like a fist. Her neck felt stiff and unnatural as she held very still. â€Å"Do you like it?† â€Å"I-I-† Gillian's mother put the bags on the counter. â€Å"Amy †¦ did you have to cut it all?† â€Å"Amy didn't do it. I did it last night. I just got tired of it long-† (And getting all wet and icy) â€Å"-and getting all wet and icy. So I cut it. So do you like it, or not?† â€Å"I don't know,† her mother said slowly. â€Å"You look so much older. Like a Parisian model.† Gillian glowed. â€Å"Well.† Her mother shook her head slightly. â€Å"Now that it's done–here, let me shape it a little. Just touch up the ends.† She took the scissors from Amy. (I'm going to be bald when this is finished!) (No, you're not, kid. She knows what she's doing.) And, strangely, there was something comforting about feeling her mother gently wield the scissors. About her mother's scent, which was fresh like lavender soap, without any hint of the terrible alcohol smell. It reminded Gillian of the old days, when her mom taught at the junior college and was up every morning and never had uncombed hair or bloodshot eyes. Before the fights started, before her mom had to go to the hospital. Her mother seemed to feel it, too. She gave Gillian's shoulder a pat as she whisked a bit of cut hair away. â€Å"I got fresh bread. I'll make cinnamon toast and hot chocolate.† Another pat, and then she spoke with careful calm. â€Å"Are you sure you're all right? You must have been†¦ pretty cold last night. We can call Dr. Kaczmarek if you want; it wouldn't take a minute.† â€Å"No, I'm fine. Really. But where's Daddy? Did he already go to work?† There was a pause, then her mother said, still calmly, â€Å"Your father left last night.† â€Å"Dad left?† (Dad left?) (It happened last night while you were asleep.) (A lot seems to have happened last night while I was asleep.) (The world's kind of that way, dragonfly. It keeps on going even when you're not paying attention.) â€Å"Anyway, we'll talk about it later,† her mother said. A final pat. â€Å"There, that's perfect. You're beautiful, even if you don't look like my little girl anymore. You'd better bundle up, though; it's pretty cold out this morning.† â€Å"I'm already dressed.† The moment had come, and Gillian didn't really care if she shocked her mother now or not. Her father had left again- and if that wasn't unusual, it was still upsetting. The closeness with her mother had been spoiled, and she didn't want cinnamon toast anymore. Gillian stepped to the middle of the kitchen and shrugged off the pink bathrobe. She was wearing black hipsters and a black camisole. Over it was a sheer black shirt, worn loose. She had on flat black boots and a black watch, and that was all she had on. â€Å"Gillian.† Amy and her mother were staring. Gillian stood defiantly. â€Å"But you never wear black,† her mother said weakly. Gillian knew. It had taken a long time to cull these things from the forgotten hinterlands of her closet. The camisole was from Great-grandma Elspeth, two Christmases ago, and had still had the price tag attached. â€Å"Didn't you sort of forget to put on a sweater on top?† Amy suggested. (Stand your ground, kid. You look terrific.) â€Å"No, I didn't forget. I'm going to wear a coat outside, of course. How do I look?† Amy swallowed. â€Å"Well-great. Extremely hot. But kind of scary.† Gillian's mother lifted her hands and dropped them. â€Å"I don't really know you anymore.† (Hooray!) (Yup, kid. Perfect.) Gillian was happy enough to give her mother a flying kiss. â€Å"Come on, Amy! We'd better get moving if we're going to pick upEugene .† She dragged the other girl behind her like the tail of a comet. Her mother followed, calling worriedly about breakfast. â€Å"Give us something to take with us. Where's that old black coat I never wore? The fancy one you got me for church. Never mind, I found it.† In three minutes she and Amy were on the porch. â€Å"Wait,† Gillian said. She fished through the black canvas bag she was carrying in place of a backpack and came up with a small compact and a tube of lipstick. â€Å"I almost forgot.† She put on the lipstick. It was red, not orange-red or blue-red, but red red, the color of holly berries or Christmas ribbon. That shiny, too. It made her lips look fuller, somehow, almost pouty. Gillian pursed her lips, considered her image, then kissed the compact mirror lightly and snapped it shut. Amy was staring again. â€Å"Gillian†¦ what is going on? What's happened to you?† â€Å"Come on, we're going to be late.† ‘The outfit just makes you look like you're going out to burgle something, but that lipstick makes you look†¦ bad. Like a girl with a reputation.† â€Å"Good.† â€Å"Gillian! You're scaring me. There's something-† She caught Gillian's arm and peered into her eyes. â€Å"Something about you-around you- oh, I don't know what I'm talking about! But it's different and it's dark and it's not good.† She was so genuinely shaken that for a moment Gillian was frightened herself. A quick stab of fear like the flick of a knife in her stomach. Amy was neurotic, sure, but she wasn't the type to hallucinate. What if- (Angel-) A horn honked. Startled, Gillian turned. Right at the edge of the driveway, behind Amy's Geo, was a somewhat battered but still proud tan Mustang. A dark head was sticking out the window. â€Å"Standing me up?† David Blackburn called. â€Å"What-is-that?† Amy breathed. Gillian waved to David-after a sharp nudge from Angel. â€Å"I think it's called a car,† she said to Amy. â€Å"I forgot. He said he'd drive me to school. So-I guess I should go with him. See you!† It only made sense to go with David; after all, he had asked first. Besides, Amy's driving was life threatening; she sped like a maniac and wove all over the road because she couldn't see without her glasses. It should have been satisfying. After all, yesterday Amy had stood her up for a guy-and a guy like Eugene Elfred. But right this moment Gillian was too scared to be smug. This was it. David was going to see her new self. And it was all happening too fast. (Angel, what if I faint? What if I throw up? That's going to make a great first impression, isn't it?) (Keep breathing, kid. Breathe. Breathe. Not that fast. Now smile.) Gillian couldn't quite manage a smile as she opened the car door. Suddenly she felt exposed. What if David thought she was cheap or even freakish? Like a little girl dressed up in her mom's clothes? And her hair-all at once she remembered how David had touched it yesterday. What if he hated it? Trying to breathe, she slipped into the car. Her coat came open as she sat down. She could hardly make herself look toward the driver's seat. But when she did, her breath stopped completely. David was wearing a look that she'd never seen on any guy's face before, at least not directed toward her. She'd seen it, occasionally, when guys were looking at other girls, girls at school like Steffi Lockhart or J.Z. Oberlin. A stricken gaze, a compulsive movement of the throat, an expression that almost made you sorry for them. An â€Å"I'm lying down and I don't care if you walk on me, babe,† expression. David was looking at her that way. Immediately all her fear, including the little stab induced by Amy, was swept away. Her heart was still pounding and little waves of adrenaline were still going through her, but now what it felt like was excitement. Heady, buoyant anticipation. As if she had started on the roller coaster ride of her life. David actually had to shake himself before he remembered to put the car in gear. And then he kept sneaking glances at her out of the side of his eye. â€Å"You did something to your†¦ and your†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He made a vague motion near his own head. Gillian's gaze was caught by his hand, which was strong, brown, long-fingered, and handsome. â€Å"Yeah, I cut my hair,† she said. She meant to sound careless and sophisticated, but it came out shaky, with a little laugh at the end. She tried again. â€Å"I figured I didn't want to look too young.† â€Å"Ouch.† He made a face. â€Å"That's my fault, isn't it? You overheard that stuff yesterday. What Tanya and I said.† (Tell him you've been thinking of doing it for a while.) â€Å"Yeah, but I've been thinking of doing it for a while now,† Gillian said. â€Å"It's no big deal.† David glanced at her as if to say he disagreed with that. But it wasn't a disapproving glance. It was more like electrified awe†¦ and a sort of discovery that seemed to grow every time he looked at her. â€Å"And I never saw you at school?† he muttered. â€Å"I must've been blind.† â€Å"Sorry?† â€Å"No, nothing. I'm sorry.† He drove in silence for a while. Gillian forced herself to stare out the window and realized they were onHillcrest Road . Strange how different the landscape looked today. Yesterday it had been lonely and desolate; this morning it seemed harmless, and the snow looked soft and comfortable, like old cushions. â€Å"Listen,† David said abruptly. He broke off and shook his head. And then he did something that absolutely amazed Gillian. He pulled the car to the side of the road-or at least as far to the side as he could get it-they were still in the flow of traffic-and parked it. â€Å"There's something I have to say.† Gillian's heart now seemed to be beating everywhere, in her throat and her fingertips and her ears. She had a dreamlike sensation that her body wasn't solid anymore, that she was just a floating mass of heartbeat. Her vision shimmered. She was†¦ waiting. But what David said was unexpected. â€Å"Do you remember the first time we met?† â€Å"I-yes.† Of course she did. Four years ago; she'd been twelve and tiny for her age. She'd been lying on the ground beside her house, making snow angels. Kind of childish, sure, but in those days a stretch of new snow had affected her that way. And while she was lying on her back, arms out, making the imprint of the angel's wings, a tree branch above her decided to shrug off its load of snow. Suddenly her face was covered in damp, closely packed coldness and she couldn't breathe. She came up spluttering and gasping. And found herself steadied. Something was holding her, wiping her face gently. The first thing she saw when she got her vision back was a brown hand and a lean brown wrist. Then a face came into focus: high strong bones and dark, mischievous eyes. â€Å"I'm David Blackburn. I just moved in over there,† the boy said. He was wiping her face with his fingers. â€Å"You'd better be careful, snow princess. Next time I might not be around.† Looking up at him, Gillian had felt her heart explode and leak out of her chest. And she'd walked away on air, even though he'd patted her head after releasing her. She was in love. â€Å"Well, back then, I sort of got the wrong impression,† David was saying. â€Å"I thought you were a lot younger and more-well, more fragile than you are.† There was a pause, and then he said wonder-ingly, not quite looking at her, â€Å"But, it's like, there's so much more to you. I started realizing that yesterday.† Gillian understood. David didn't have a reputation for being wild for nothing. He liked girls who were bold, dashing, out there. If he were a knight, he wouldn't fall in love with the pampered princess back at the castle. He'd fall in love with a female knight, or maybe a robber, somebody who could share the Adventure with him, who'd be just as tough as he-was. Of course he had a strong protective streak. That was why he rescued maidens in distress. But he didn't go for the maidens who needed rescuing. â€Å"And now,† David was saying, â€Å"Now, I mean, you're †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He held his hands up in a whoa motion. He wasn't looking at her at all. In a moment of perfect bliss, Gillian thought, I'm cool. â€Å"You're kind of incredible,† David said. â€Å"And I feel really stupid for not noticing that before.† Gillian couldn't breathe. There was something between her and David-a kind of quivering electricity. The air was so thick with it that she felt pressure all over her. She had never been so awake before, but at the same time she felt as if most of the world was insubstantial. Only she and David were real. And the voice in her head seemed very far away. (Uh, dragonfly, we've got company. Incoming.) Gillian couldn't move. A car drove by, swerving to avoid the Mustang. Gillian couldn't see well through the Mustang's steamed-up windows, but she thought faces were looking at her. David didn't seem to notice the car at all. He was still staring at the gearshift, and when he spoke his voice was very quiet. â€Å"So I guess what I'm saying is, I'm sorry if anything I said hurt your feelings. And-I see you now.† He raised his head. And Gillian suddenly realized he was going to kiss her.

Trip to Karachi

Last winter we, a group of ten student, went to Karachi. Our collage had arranged this tour. Our professor. Mr.. Name Hosannas, was in charge of the party. All of us had looked forward to this tour. We had not seen Karachi, but had heard from people that it was a wonderful city. In particular we were very eager to sue the ocean. It was the 25th of December. When we left Lahore by train. The journey was long. The winter was more severe than usual. But we were happy, and the long. Slow Journey did not dampen our high spirits. Next daddy reached Karachi late in the afternoon.We went draught to the boy scouts hostel on the new queens road where we had arranged to stay. One our way to the hostel. We had our first view of Karachi. The very first thing we noticed was that the road were very wide. The traffic was much greater than that we had seen In Lahore. The number of cars we saw on the roads Indicated the prosperity of the city. The building were really palatial. On reaching the hostel we felt tired. We decided to spend the evening quietly in our rooms. Next day, early in the morning, we began our tour of the city. First of all we went to the Mazda of our beloved leader, Squad ?I-Gamma , to pay our homage.After offering faith we went to the house where Q aid-I-Gamma was born. It was an old there-storey building. The room where our leader was born was on the first floor. Some of the furniture and clothes of Squad-I-Gamma were on the show In the room. After this we went to Clifton beach . The most popular picnic resort in Karachi There we saw the sea for the first time. A great expanse of water was before us. It stretched as far as the eye could see. We stripped and not the sea for a swim. Our professor was all the time telling us not to go very far. After the swim, we had tea In a restaurant the beach. It was now mum for lunch.So we returned to the city. After taking our lunch. We felt rather tired and decided to rest to a couple of house. In the evening we want ou t and roamed in the bazaar till late in the night. Every one seemed to be in a hurry. The big hotels of Karachi were splendid buildings. They were richly decorated. Very brightly. It and filled with the sounds of music and laughter. Next day we visited Karachi port and manor island. The naval authorities very kindly allowed us to visit the PENS . Jelled , the officers and men of the ship were very courteous. They showed us all over the hip and explained everything we wanted to know . N the evening, we went to see the airport. The first Item on our programmer for the next day was a visit to the state bank, it was a magnificent building. We were very much impressed by its roof- garden and tastefully decorated conference hall and library. The rest day we spent in visiting the national museum and the Karachi zoo, it was our blast day in Karachi Trip to Karachi By Abductees Last winter we, a group of ten student, went to Karachi. Our collage had arranged 25th of December. When we left La hore by train. The Journey was long. The winter dampen our high spirits. Next day we reached Karachi late in the afternoon.We went we had seen in Lahore. The number of cars we saw on the roads indicated the beloved leader, Squad -I-Gamma , to pay our homage. After offering faith we went to clothes of Squad-I-Gamma were on the show in the room. After this we went to Clifton beach , the most popular picnic resort in Karachi. There we saw the sea for the first to go very far. After the swim, we had tea in a restaurant the beach. It was now time Karachi were splendid buildings. They were richly decorated. Very brightly. It and airport. The first item on our programmer for the next day was a visit to the state

buy custom Intellectual Property essay

buy custom Intellectual Property essay a) Issues Associated with Spam Email is considered one of the most efficient ways of communicating to customers, friends and employees. These days, unsolicited commercial emails (spam) make a large percentage of emails. One can get spammed for many reasons including; personal, commercial, criminal, political and religious reasons. Spam are kind of electronic junk mail or junk news group postings. Spam not only waste peoples time but do also eat up a lot of network bandwidth. Spam has been found to be one of the biggest challenge facing internet users, service providers and corporations. It has led to wastage of billions of money in network resources, forgone Internet sales and diminishing productivity. b) Impacts of changing technology on intellectual property issues There has been an ongoing debate on the impact of technological progress on IPR. With this regard, one empirical literature suggests that technological hindrances have conventionally offered protection to intellectual property. With the recent rapid technological change, the technological barriers among people are reducing at a faster rate as people become IT literate. This has impacted negatively on the process of IPR protection as the number of people using materials unsuitably increases. Technological shifts have especially impacted negatively on the enterainment industry where the protection of IPR has been violated to a great extent. However, technological progress has also impacted positively on IPR protection. It is important to note that prior to invention of the printing press in the 13th century, intellectual material copying was entirely manual and hence cumbersome. This had failed to offer adequate protection to intellectual property. The introduction of the printing pres s raised the level of protection to the intellectual property. c) Copyright laws and its impact on information systems According to copyright laws, an author owns the exclusive rights to his/her composition. The composition is protected for many years. In this case the composition is considered to be an intellectual property. The copyright may be transferred, sold, or inherited but the copyright still endures. Copy right laws have impacted on information technology in various ways. This is because the copyright Acts exclusive rights provision gives a developer and a publisher the right to control unauthorized exploitation of their work. A person is supposed to secure protection of what he/she has come up with. Copy right protection has promoted the progress of science and useful Arts. d) Software piracy Issue Software piracy is an illegal business and is associated with ownership of information. Software piracy leads to a heavy loss of revenue, spread of malware and computer hacking. Nowadays, software is being leased rather than being sold. The lease is often for a limited time and is renewed in order for one to continue using the product. Software piracy includes downloading unlicensed copies of software from the internet, making copies of disks, selling counterfeit online or elsewhere, using counterfeit or unlicensed copies or installation of one licensed copy of software onto multiple computers. e) Issues for software developers Since software is usually expensive, it is imperative to clearly understand the IPR issues related to them. There have emerged several trends in relation to IPR for software. First is the issue of multiple developers. If software has been developed by more than one software developer, all the developers have the right over that software and as such, they must join hands as co-authors of the software in question in obtaining IPR. The second issue relating to IPR for software developers is the issue of rights for software developing companies. To this effect, an owner of a company that develops software may have not been granted the civil rights to his own corporation. Finally, it is possible to sell software via a different company that is independent from the developing company. Buy custom Intellectual Property essay

History and Impact of African-American Slave Songs essays

History and Impact of African-American Slave Songs essays Swing Low, Sweet Chariot; Jimmy Crack Corn; Frankie and Johnny; String of Pearls; Blue Moon; Jingle Bell Rock; and Dirty Pop: none of these songs would be here today without influence from African-American culture. Some people have a hard time listening to black music, meaning Jazz, Blues, Rap, and Hip-Hop but using the same logistics, you would have to put Rock, Pop, many church hymns, and much of choral literature in the same category. For the most part people do not understand the origins of the many types of music we hear around us every day. Unless your high school music teacher found this type of appreciation necessary, or you happened to take some music courses in college, chances are youre a part of the most people. To understand and fully appreciate the music you enjoy today, you must first understand that while African-American slave songs were a prominent part of pre-Civil War culture, they have also had great influence on modern culture. In order to further understand African-American music, you must first know a certain amount of information about African music and culture. Music was and is a very important part of African culture. Much of African music was used as a way to document history. Because they did not have a written language, history was told through stories and in traditional folk songs. Music was also used in celebration of anything you can possibly think of. There were traditional songs to celebrate weddings, births, and even the loss of a baby tooth. In response to his own findings, Ralph Ellison wrote [I]t was the Africans origin in cultures in which art was highly functional which gave him an edge in shaping the music and dance of this nation. (Collier 1) African speech added to the use of music. Much like changing the tone of your voice can add a new meaning to a sentence, changing the pitch or quality of your voice changes the meaning of most Af...

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier In this article, we will look at how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º), the   Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. First, I will give you a quick and dirty way if you just want to have a rough idea how to pronounce the name. Then I’ll go through a more detailed description, including analysis of common learner errors. Pronouncing names in Chinese Pronouncing names in Chinese can be very hard if you havent studied the language; sometimes its hard even if you have. Many letters used to write the sounds in Mandarin (called Hanyu Pinyin) dont match the sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess the pronunciation will lead to many mistakes. Ignoring or mispronouncing tones will just add to the confusion. These mistakes add up and often become so serious that a native speaker would fail to understand. Read more about how to pronounce Chinese names. The quick and dirty way of pronouncing Li Keqiang Chinese names usually consist of three syllables, with the first being the family name and the last two the personal name. There are exceptions to this rule, but it holds true in a vast majority of cases. Thus, there are three syllables we need to deal with. Listen to the pronunciation here while reading the explanation. Repeat yourself! Li - Pronounce as lee.Ke - Pronounce as cu- in curve.Qiang - Pronounce as chi- in chin plus ang- in angry. If you want want to have a go at the tones, they are low, falling and rising respectively. Note: This pronunciation is not correct pronunciation in Mandarin. It represents my best effort to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). How to actually pronounce Li Keqiang If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many traps and pitfalls in Pinyin you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the three syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: LÇ  (third tone) - The l is a normal l as in English. Note that English has two variants of this sound, one light and one dark. Compare the l in light and full. The latter has a darker character and is pronounced farther back (its velarised). You want the light version here. The i in Mandarin is further forward and upward compared to i in English. Your tongue tip should be as far up and forward as possible while still pronouncing a vowel! Ke (fourth tone) - The second syllable is not that hard to pronounced okay, but is hard to get completely right. The k should be aspirated. The e is similar to the e in the English word the, but farther back. To get it completely right, you should have about the same position as when you say the [o] in Pinyin po, but your lips shouldnt be rounded. However, it will still be perfectly understandable if you dont go that far. Qiang (second tone) - The initial here is the only tricky part. q is an aspirated affricate, which means that it is the same a s Pinyin x, but with a short stop t in front and with aspiration. The tongue tip should be down, lightly touching the teeth ridge behind the lower teeth. The are some variations for these sounds, but Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º) can be written like this in IPA: [liÌ€ kÊ °Ã‰ ¤ tÉ•Ê °jaÅ‹] Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve learnt the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

Pricing at Deutsche Telekom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pricing at Deutsche Telekom - Essay Example The company owns various subsidiary companies of which all of them have names starting with the letter T such as the T-Home; a Legacy Telephone, Broadband and IPTV Service Provider, the T-Online; an Internet Service Provider, the T-Mobile; A Mobile Network Operator, and the T-Systems; A business division, focused on providing services to public and business sector customers. Recently the company has unveiled a new structural group through the merging of the two organizational units T-Com and T-Online into the Broadband/Fixed Network (BBFN) strategic business area. This Broadband/Fixed Network business area is one of the largest providers in Europe with approximately over 9 million broadband lines, 40 million narrowband lines and 14 million registered Internet customers. The company also holds substantial shares in other telecom companies especially within the region including Central European subsidiaries such as Magyar Telekom in Hungary, T-Hrvatski Telekom in Croatia, and Slovak Te lekom in Slovakia. Again these subsidiary companies some also hold shares in subsidiary companies such as maygar Telkom holds various shares in T-Crnogorski Telekom in Montenegro, and Makedonski Telekom in Macedonia; all of which have also been rebranded and included under the T-Com/T-Home umbrella. In the year 2009, the orange Telekom Company and the T-Mobile parent Deutsche Telekom announced of their involvement in advance negotiations to merge their UK operations to develop the largest mobile network in Britain that is now known as everything everywhere (EE) (Benoit 2012). The occurrence of such merging of large companies is a step by the companies to better secure the market such that they be having a better hand due to operating in large economies of scale. Deutsche Telekom has an exceptionally large and broad market share in the world. It is positioned in over 50 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and America with the heaviest investment being in the United States and throughou t Europe. It has a share market of approximately with almost ten million subscribers in Europe and a total of 50 million customers in Europe, Asia, and the United States. Having started in Germany as public owned the company became privatized in 1996 and has extended operations to a global level. Now the largest telecommunication company in the EU it is finding it difficult to expand its regional operations due to increased competition as a result of moving from regional to global markets and pricing pressures originating from increasingly restrictive EU sector specific legislation. The company generated a net income of â‚ ¬80 million on revenues of â‚ ¬64.6 billion in the year 2009. In relation to the previous year, 2008, this is a representation of a 76.5% drop in net income and a 4.8% increase in revenues when the company earned â‚ ¬340 million on â‚ ¬61.7 billion in revenue (Benoit 2012). The company is experiencing particularly high market penetration rates in Weste rn Europe and the United States. The company is also serving market penetration of various emerging markets in countries such as such as Brazil, India, China, South Africa and Argentina in Africa, Asia and South America. Such markets are now just opening up and adopting such technologies thus providing good avenues to sink investments first for companies to have a greater chance at dominating the consumer markets. The company faces stiff competition from some of the various capital

Consumer and consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Consumer and consumption - Essay Example This "Consumer and consumption" essay outlines the marketing strategies that Coca-Cola used to become the leader on the market. The globalized world has resulted to new borderless markets with numerous corporations crossing geographical and political boundaries to market and initiate operations and investments on a global scale. International marketing leads to a new problem where organizations have to utilize ingenuity, creativity, and huge budgets to attain a competitive edge in the market. This has resulted in international marketing concept; leading organizations to utilize different perspective in attracting customers on a global scale through perceptions and brand images. While a consumer product is made in the factory, consumers in most cases do not buy the product, but the brand, which is perceived to add value to it. This was a statement by Charles Revlon, the founder of Revlon, who noted that in the factory, he made cosmetics, but customers bought hope from the stores. This trend will be strategically portrayed in Coca-Cola Company in manufacturing, marketing, and production of the coca cola beverage that has become one of the leading global brand names in refreshments. The Coca Cola company history began in 1886, when the curiosity of one Atlanta pharmacist Dr. Pemeberton resulted to the creation of a tasty distinctive soft drink, which could be sold in many soda fountains. The strategy was creating flavored syrup, mixing with carbonated water, and giving to neighbors around his pharmacy. Those who tasted the drink exclaimed that it was excellent (Coca Cola, 2011). During the first year, the Coca Cola servings were at 5cents per glass, with the sales being an average of nine servings daily in Atlanta; compare this with the current estimated coca cola servings of about 1.6 billion daily current (Coca cola, 2011). The history that marked the current Coca Cola Company as it is known today dates back to 1894, after the death of the founder; when Biedenham installed the first bottling machinery at the Mississippi soda fountain, which was the first attempt to sell Coca Cola drink in bottles (Coca Cola, 2011). Joseph Whitehead and Lupton developed what i s known as the Coca Cola worldwide bottling system, as it is known to

The relationship between advanced technology and Green supply chain Research Paper

The relationship between advanced technology and Green supply chain - Research Paper Example Source: LMI, 2005 In short, it integrates supply chain management with environmental management to achieve positive, sustainable results. This rooted to the acknowledgment on the role of manufacturing and other business processes on their disproportionate environmental impact with the understanding that operations are improved and savings are accrued in the process. Savings may not always mean cut in direct operational costs but environmental in nature through less reliance on raw or new materials that directly impacts on the environment. Objectives and Research Questions In the adoption of green supply chain techniques, many corporations or business entities have resorted to either age-old environmental practices or emerging technologies that facilitate green practices. It is therefore the aim of this paper to Provide the history and background in the development of green supply change Explain the significance of greening the supply chain Point our issues relating to the flow of pro ducts and services within the green supply chain context Explain how green supply chain management as a practice has been changed over time. These will be achieved by answering the research questions: 1. What is the importance of the history of green supply chain? 2. How green supply chain management as a practice has changed over time? 3. What is significance of greening the supply chain? 4. What are the issues relating to the flow of products and services within a Green Supply Chain context? Relevance of the Study The continuing depletion of natural resources, growing population, consumption, and lifestyle demands, negative changes in the environment and many other major problems have alarmed policy-makers, businesses, and even individuals in the last several decades. Current conditions of many of the world’s population and projections of the future are seen as very bleak so that it has become imperative to adopt short and long-term measures to address these issues. Thus, t he birth of eco-related movements such as the green supply chain in the business process. The importance of exploring background and history of the green supply chain lies on the possibilities of fast-tracking ways to improve production and design of consumption products. This study hopes to contribute in that segment. Background Extensive efforts are forwarded by nations and international organizations not only to their governments but also to the business and private sector to step up and address environmental problems. Climate change global warming, environmental degradation, and insurmountable economic and social problems directly linked with the abuse and neglect of the environment have been hounding humanity for several decades now so that the need to integrate acceptable business practices were proposed in order to reduce or decrease negative impacts. These are strengthened by governmental regulatory mandates as well as organisational requirements for acceptable continuance o f business operations in a given community or industry. It has been found that day-to-day practices from population growth to consumption are all connected to the continuing environmental changes which resulted to depletion of natural resources that may soon unable to support the population, increased carbon dioxide releases by each individual that leads to trapping of heat, increased temperatures elsewhere, water shortages, among others as reported by World Bank. Specifically, there are more than 2 billion people without access to clean water and sanitation, or roughly 40%

U03a1 Project Current Environment Analysis Essay

U03a1 Project Current Environment Analysis - Essay Example Various tools are used in strategic management planning process including SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, Scenario Planning, Competitive Analysis, and Chain Analysis. Firstly, it would be better to deploy SWOT analysis method to analyze the health care organization’s current environment. The organization has long years’ working experience and it seems to be the most potential competitive advantage of the BAMC (Murgo, Westerhof, Giolma, and Altobelli). This health care organization started its operations in 1879 as a small medical dispensary. Presently, it is the only Level I trauma center in the MEDCOM. Under BRAC 2005, the BAMC has decided to expand its inpatient services with intent to improve the health care quality. In addition, the organization offers nuclear medicine service, PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and molecular imaging and other therapy services; these distinctive services add to the BAMC’s potential strengths. In the opinion of Treasure, Rainer, and Sadler, medi cal readiness and training weaknesses are the most obvious limitations of the Brooke Army Medical Center. Since the medical readiness and training are the crucial elements in determining the degree of efficacy of a health care organization, those issues may adversely affect the growth of BAMC. The BAMC began the construction of its Consolidated Tower (CoTo) in 2009; this facility would meet the infrastructure requirements of administrative department, outpatient pediatric clinic, SICU, CCU, expanded Emergency and Trauma department, psychiatric nursing units, and USAISR Burn Unit (â€Å"US Army†). Hence, this addition would be a potential opportunity for the BAMC to get closer to its expansional objectives. However, it seems that staffing shortage especially; nurse shortage has been challenging the long term sustainability of the organization. Currently, the US president Barack Obama is planning

Critical Success Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical Success Factors - Essay Example In the past, there has been a great focus on various leadership competencies in the organization, but the specific focus on the project manager and its competencies has been less effective and progressive. The general characteristics of project managers are that they are intelligent and above average in comparison to another employee within the organization. These characteristic traits plus others have been summed up together by different researchers and simply put together as leadership competencies. Other traits that have been identified by other researchers are related to behavior, motivation, energy, and communication skills. It is evident that there is a positive correlation between character traits and project success. One of the greatest researcher Hogan claim that, the success of a project is greatly determined by the personality of an individual. Other researchers like Anderson draw the intention of the organization while selecting project managers. In 1998 Pinto and trailer carried out a study to identify the characteristic of a project leader and they came up with the following characteristics; credibility of the leader, problem-solving capability, flexible management style and good communication skills and tolerance. The same researchers deliberate on the most desired qualities of project managers that are, administrative skills, technical skills, and vision and leadership examples. These managers should posse’s adequate technical skills and knowledge in a certain field.

Nonel Peace prize ( Martin Luther King and The Dalai Lama) Research Paper

Nonel Peace prize ( Martin Luther King and The Dalai Lama) - Research Paper Example This international award administered by Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden has till date reached to people of distinguished honor from every part of the world. Till the year 2012, 862 Laureates has been bestowed with the award. This has included 21 unique organizations as well. In recognition of their contributions in peace building and maintaining social order, 93 Nobel prizes has been given away in the field of peace. Respect for peace builders has been a prime vision of Alfred Nobel, the visionary behind the introduction of Nobel Prize. As per his will a portion of the award is dedicated for â€Å"the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". Thus, it is very clear that peace has been an area of focus for the Nobel Prizes. In 1964, this award was given away to the legendary advocate of social equity and peace, Martin Luther King Jr. His struggles in attaining racial equity were recognized here. Further in 1989, the 14th Dalai Lama received the Nobel Prize being honored for his universal responsibility of peace. Though these leaders belonged to two different cultural, social and political spaces, their contribution to humanity and the world were characterized by similar values. Though the lives and challenges were different, the values and their goals in a holistic perspective were very similar. The biographical analysis of Martin Luther King Jr. and the 14th Dalai Lama indicates large contrasts in their backgrounds. The political and sociological backgrounds that they belonged to, in their childhood differed entirely. Martin Luther King was born on 15 January 1929, in Atlanta, United States. (The Official Website of the Nobel Prize, n. p.). His family had a pastoral background as his father and Grandfather were pastors with Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Even Martin Luther used to serve the church as a co-pastor helping his father. He did his schooling in Georgia and later did his graduation from Morehouse College. It has to be noted here that this college had a black background and had a distinguished placement within the Diaspora of Afro Americans. Dalai Lama was born in Tibet to parents who were peasants. Till the age of two, he had a very normal as any little boy in the Tibetan neighborhood. In the age of two his holiness was identified and he was declared the next Dalai Lama (The Official Website of the Nobel Prize, n. p.). He had thus got into his life mission early in his childhood. Comparing this with Martin Luther King, it can be found that both of them, early in the childhood had exposure to philosophical and spiritual values. However, these philosophies differed a lot especially in terms of the religious affiliations. When Dalia Lama was brought up in the Buddhist religious system, Martin Luther King had a Protestant Christian Background. However, it is worth nothing here that both these religious are based on the philosophy of peace and both religions had peace of the world as a holistic agenda. For instance, when the philosophy of Buddhism is based on non-violence, Christ taught lessons of compassion and forgives. Thus the mission of peace was imbibed on both of them in their early childhoods. Thus one can draw two conclusions by comparing the childhood of Dalai Lama and Martin Luther King Jr. First is that their social, cultural, re ligious and geographical backgrounds differed a lot. Second is that despite these

Critical Success Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical Success Factors - Essay Example In the past, there has been a great focus on various leadership competencies in the organization, but the specific focus on the project manager and its competencies has been less effective and progressive. The general characteristics of project managers are that they are intelligent and above average in comparison to another employee within the organization. These characteristic traits plus others have been summed up together by different researchers and simply put together as leadership competencies. Other traits that have been identified by other researchers are related to behavior, motivation, energy, and communication skills. It is evident that there is a positive correlation between character traits and project success. One of the greatest researcher Hogan claim that, the success of a project is greatly determined by the personality of an individual. Other researchers like Anderson draw the intention of the organization while selecting project managers. In 1998 Pinto and trailer carried out a study to identify the characteristic of a project leader and they came up with the following characteristics; credibility of the leader, problem-solving capability, flexible management style and good communication skills and tolerance. The same researchers deliberate on the most desired qualities of project managers that are, administrative skills, technical skills, and vision and leadership examples. These managers should posse’s adequate technical skills and knowledge in a certain field.

Horse Salughter Essay Example for Free

Horse Salughter Essay The U. S. horse slaughter ban has had a huge impact on the equine industry. Attention Getter and Preview: To slaughter or not to slaughter, has been a controversial question for years in the American equine industry. On September 7 2006, congress passed the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act, abolishing horse slaughtering in the United States. The U. S. horse slaughter ban has had a huge impact on the equine industry. Originally designed to stamp out cruelty that the horses in the industry were enduring, it is now a question of whether it only caused more harm. Also where to put the surplus of horses and the impact they have other equine is raising concern. Transition: To understand how it has made such a huge impact, it’s best to first understand why it was put into action. Body MP 1: The main reason this act was established is pretty clear in its name, horse slaughter prevention. a. According to the Humane Society of the United States, â€Å"[the act] was designed to stop the slaughter of nearly 100,000 American horses annually in three foreign-owned slaughter plants in the United States† (Drummond 2006). . The reason they wanted to stop the slaughter was to stop the cruelty horses experience in this industry. a. When a horse was sent to be slaughter it was sometimes a path of cruelty. Horses would be shoved onto a trailer, often times way past capacity so the driver could get more money. They would travel long distances unable to move and were withheld from water. Often times they were beaten and forced to live with untreat ed wounds, in unsanitary conditions. Uncover investigation led people to realize what was actually happening in the industry. Transition: Now this isn’t a problem, there is no more slaughtering in the US. But it means more live horses to tend to, ultimately leading to the biggest impacts this ban has on the equine industry. MP 2: Where the surplus of horses will go is the biggest impact. a. â€Å"The AAEP estimates an additional 2700 rescue facilities would be needed in the first year of the ban to care for the thousands of surplus horses† (AVMA Jan 15). That would mean that each of the 50 states would have to build 54 facilities. Audience Adaption: In Illinois that would mean roughly one for every two counties. With the price of feed and hay going up drastically due to droughts and ethanol production are these organizations really going to be feasible? Not only is that the question but is it humane to force some of these animals live? Take a totally blind horse for example, would it be humane to force it to live, how will it be able to find food and water? b. According to the American Veterinary Medicine Association, â€Å"The costs of euthanasia and environmentally safe carcass disposal can run as much as $400 and may be more than some owners are willing to pay† (AVMA Jan 15). Before this act the owner could actually make a few hundred dollars by selling the animal to a processer. Now some owners just abandon the animals or simply let them starve to death. c. Expert Opinion: An equine enthusiasts and an opponent to this act states, â€Å"That being able to process the animal would put value back in the economy, set people to work and provide an export product† (Yates 2008). According to American Veterinary Association, â€Å"In 2005, U. S. horse meat exports were estimated at 18,000 tons with a value of 61 million dollars† (AVMA Oct 15). These points aren’t the only financial negative to this act. d. With thousands upon thousands of surplus horses the price of the stock itself is dropping. Ranchers and horse raisers aren’t able to get the money that their horses are worth because potential horse buyers have so many other options. Transition: But don’t worry equine enthusiasts haven’t let the ban stop them. MP 3: Ranchers and equine breeders have found a way around the ban and have decided to export the horses out of the country to Mexico or Canada. . According to Scott Yates of Capital Press, â€Å"With the last three slaughter plants in the U. S. forced to close, horses are now being exported to Mexico and Canada to the tune of about 90,000 head in 2007. That is a 312 percent increase compared to the previous year† (Yates 2008). b. Okay so you might say good, we are still able to get rid of the unwanted horses in an economic way and no horses are being slaughtered with cruelty in t he United States. While this is true, it has been proven that slaughtering facilities in Mexico are much more cruel than their American counterparts. c. Expert Opinion: According to the American veterinary medicine association, â€Å"especially troubling is the treatment of the horses once they cross the border into Mexico. The Humane Society of the United States released a video showing the brutal stabbing death of a fully conscious horse at a Mexican slaughter facility† (AVMA Jan 15). d. So are we truly stopping the cruelty to horses? Sure we may feel better that it isn’t happening on our own soil but we are still the ones sending them off to their uncertain fate. e. This point has recently become an issue. a. Mike Stuckey of MSNBC news reported on September 24, 2008, â€Å"The emotional debate over slaughtering horses for human consumption gained new life in Washington this week as a House committee approved a measure that would ban the practice nationwide and halt the export of U. S. horses destined for dinner tables in other countries† (Stuckey 2008). b. If this law is passed that would mean that no horses would be slaughtered and no horses could be exported for the use of food, which will lead to an even larger increase in the number of horses in America. Conclusion Review: The U. S. horse slaughter ban has had a huge impact on the equine industry. I wasn’t here today to sway you one way or another on the ban. I just wanted to inform you of some of the consequences and impacts it has on the equine industry. We learned that it was put into place to stop the cruel slaughtering of horses on American soil. Then we found out that the problem hasn’t really been solved, horses are experiencing more cruelty than ever with longer rides and harsher deaths once they reach their final stop in a foreign land. There is also the issue of a huge surplus of horses that need care and are affecting the quality stock being raised across the country. Final Comment: Now that you understand the ban and its impacts. I leave you with this final thought. To slaughter or not to slaughter? That is the question!

Preparation And Recrystallisation Of Aspirin Biology Essay

Preparation And Recrystallisation Of Aspirin Biology Essay The objective of this experiment is to enable us to understand and conduct the synthesis of aspirin, understand the skills of recrystallisation and the technique of melting point determination. The main procedures are preparation of aspirin, recrystallisation of aspirin and lastly determining the melting point of the aspirin. For preparation of Aspirin, acetic anhydride is added to the measured amount of salicylic acid. Sulphuric acid is added and heated for a short period to complete reaction. Water is added once removed from heat with addition of cold water and suction filtration is carried out. As for recrystallisation of aspirin, collected crude product prepared in preparation of aspirin which is impure is dissolved in ethanol and hot distilled water is added to the solution. The watch glass together with the filter paper was weighed and the weighed filter paper was used to carry out the suction filtration. Moreover, the crystals were places on the watch glass after drying and it s weight was calculated. Then, determine the melting point of aspirin using necessary apparatus. The percent yield was about 76.7% whereas the temperature range is between 134.2 to 136.1 ÃÅ'Ã…  ÃƒÅ'Ã…  C. The results are within the expected range and i would conclude our experiment was a success. Felic Hoffman who is a german chemistry formed aspirin in 1897 by looking into French Chemistry Charles Gergardts experiment and rediscovered the acetylsalicylic acid and produced stable state of aspirin (The Great Idea Finder 2006). Salicylic acid was extracted from parts of willow trees (Dermaxime 2011). Aspirin is a derivative of salicylic acid that is a mild agent that reduces pain by relieving headache and muscle and joint aches (History of aspirin 2011). Aspirin is also used to treat mild to moderate pain from conditions such as muscle aches, toothaches and headaches. Aspirin works in our body by blocking certain natural substances in your body to reduce pain and swelling (Aspirin 2011). Esterification is a chemical reaction that is used to make esters in which the Carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol to form an ester [CH3COOC2H5] in the presence of a catalyst which is usually concentrated sulphuric acid. It is reversible reaction and they produce sweet smelling products. Esters are widely used in fragrance and flavour industry (Esterification reaction 2010). Aspirin has to be recrystallised several times to obtain purity. The properties that allow this to take place is its bulky chemical group, solubility in water and its strong intermolecular forces between the aspirin mole cules that allows it to make up the solid substance. Applications Aspirin can be used in various medical uses such as relieving mild aches and pains. It can also be used for a little complex treatment such as prevention of blood clots and prevent heart attack and stroke (Aspirin and Heart attacks 2005). However, there are side effects such as internal bleeding to the stomach and other internal organs and also cause people to experience asthma attacks and undesirable swellings (Vitamin Diary, Aspirin 2010). Theory Esterification Reaction Figure 1: Esterification Reaction (Preparation of Aspirin 1996) Shown in figure 1, is the esterification process. To form aspirin, Salicylic acid is reacted with acetic anhydride using sulphuric acid as a catalyst to produce Aspirin and Acetic acid. Sulphuric acid is used in this experiment as a catalyst to increase the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process. Ethanoic Anhydride There are three reasons why ethanoic anhydride is used rather than other reagents such as ethanoyl chloride even thou they yield aspirin. The reasons are, ethanoic anhydride is cheaper to be purchased compared to ethanoyl chloride. It is also safer to use as it is less corrosive and does not readily hydrolyse in water unlike the other reagent. Moreover, it does not produce dangerous fumes of hydrogen chloride like ethanoyl chloride (Chemguide 2004). Procedure Preparation of Aspirin Firstly, approximately, 2.4g of salicylic acid was weighed into a dry 100ml conical flask and recorded. 6ml of acetic anhydride is added into the flask containing the salicylic acid in the fumehood. Then, 3-4 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is added to the mixture and swirled. The mixture was also heated in the water bath for 10 to 15 minutes for the completing of reactions. After removing the flask from the water bath, 1ml of distilled water is added using a dropper to decompose the excess acetic anhydride present in the solution. 40ml of cold water is added and is stirred and rub using a stirring rod to induce crystallisation. After suction filtration is carried out the crude product is then collected. Re-crystallization of Aspirin An approximate 30ml of hot water is added to the solution and the crude product is dissolved in a 100ml conical flask with approximately 5ml of ethanol added to it and warmed on a hot plate. As there is solid separating out, the solution will be warmed till it is completely dissolved in the solution and was then allowed to cool. Then, a clean, dry watch glass with 2 filter papers was weighed and recorded. During the suction filtration of the solution, the recrystallised product is collected to the filter paper and was transferred to the watch glass. This was then put into the oven at 100oC for 15 20 minutes. Crystals together with the filter paper and the watch glass was then placed into desiccator for 5 to 10 minutes for all the liquid present to be drained. The dried crystals together with the filter papers and watch glass was weighed and recorded. The weight of dried, recrystallised aspirin is then calculated. The expected yield of aspirin was calculated from the amount of aspiri n used and the percentage yield of the dried, recrystallised aspirin was calculated. Melting point determination of aspirin The aspirin was packed into the small capillary tubes and put into the optimelt melting apparatus to determine the melting temperature of Aspirin. Results Mass Mass of salicylic acid weighed (a) = 2.40g Mass of filter paper watch glass (b) = 32.96g Mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin, filter paper watch glass (c) = 34.41g Mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin (d) is calculated by taking the mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin, filter paper and watch glass (c) which is 34.41g and subtract away the mass of filter paper and watch glass (b) which is 32.96g. (d) = (c) (b) = 34.41g 32.96g = 1.45g Therefore the mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin is 1.45g. Percent Yield To obtain the percent yield of aspirin, we have to find the moles of salicylic acid used first by taking the mass of the salicylic acid which is 2.40g and divide by the mr of salicylic acid. Number of moles of salicylic acid used (e) = mass/mr = 2.40/138 = 0.017391 mol (mol wt of salicylic acid = 138) Therefore the expected number of moles of aspirin (f) = 0.017391 mol To calculate the expected mass of aspirin, we have to take the expected moles (f) which is 0.017391 mol multiply by the mr of aspirin 180. Expected mass of aspirin (g) = 0.01739 x 180 = 3.1302 g (mol wt = 180) Then the percent yield can be calculated by taking the mass of dried recrystallised aspirin (d) which is 1.45g and divide by the expected mass of aspirin 3.1302g multiply by 100%. Percent yield = (d) / (g) ÃÆ'- 100% = 46.3% 4.3 Melting Point Temperature range = 134.2 ÃÅ'Ã…  C to 136.1 ÃÅ'Ã…  C 4.4 Appearance White, thin, flaky crystals formed. Discussion My Results According to my experiment and the results, i conclude that my end product is not really pure. This can be seen from the calculation made based on my experiment using this formula, Percent yield = (mass of dried recrystallised aspirin / expected mass of aspirin) x 100% Percent yield is the amount of substance we have obtained in total in the experiment. The experimental yield percentage is different from the theoretical percentage is because there is loss of product often occurring during the isolation and purification steps (The Synthesis of Aspirin 2010). The percent yield of the aspirin obtained from the experiment is 46.3% yield. The higher the yield percentage, the higher the purity of the aspirin will be. Therefore, according to the results, the aspirin obtained is relatively impure. However, the low percent yield can also mean that the reactant has not reacted completely or the reaction is not complete. However there is also another possibility for the lower percent yield value. It is the addition of water when carrying out suction filtration. As we have to wash down the crystals before we carry out the suction filtration, some crystals might have dissolved. Hence, the amount of water we use to wash down the crystals during suction filtratio n might have affected the percent yield too. The aspirin crystals are packed into the small capillary tubes and make sure they are all compressed without air gaps. Then they are placed into the melting apparatus. The melting temperature range of aspirin according to my experiment is between 134.2 ÃÅ'Ã…  C to 136.1 ÃÅ'Ã…  C. The theoretical melting temperature is 140 ÃÅ'Ã…  C. Since the range is near the theoretical value, this shows that the aspirin obtained is quite pure and hence contained fewer impurities. From both the calculations, I can evaluate that the aspirin is relatively pure to a however due to some experimental errors or improper techniques practiced, the percent yield is not up to expectation and moreover the incompletion of reaction might also be one of the reasons to the results obtained in this experiment. Experimental errors There were some experimental errors that have caused variation in my results compared to the theoretical solutions. Firstly, after the obtaining the crude product from the first suction filtration, we had to transfer it to the conical flask to carry out recrystallisation. During this process, there were some crystals that got blown away by the wind and some crystals poured on the desk too. Hence this might have affected the percent yield too. Therefore, I had learnt that all wind source must be switched off and be kept away from when carrying out this process to ensure accuracy in results. Secondly, once we have dissolved and during the second round suction filtration in attempt to obtain the pure aspirin, we forgot to use 2 filter papers but instead use only one filter paper on the Buchner funnel. Hence, due to the pressure, the filter paper tore and our crude product entered the filter flask that was containing the impurities and other liquid. Therefore we had to suction filtrate the whole mixture in the filter flask and hence, this might have led to presence of more impurities or lose in product. This might have affected the results. Figure 2: Apparatus of suction filtration (Chemistry 104: Synthesis of Aspirin 2010) Therefore, from this experiment I learn that I must be more alert and careful when I carry out suction filtration to avoid unnecessary hassle and inaccuracy of results and calculation. Conclusion From this experiment, I have learnt how to carry out suction filtration in the right way and to be cautious at all time when handling chemicals and so on. The major experimental findings are that, accuracy and attentiveness is very important in this experiment to obtain aspirin that is pure. However, there will be some environmental effects that will still affect the experiment to a small extent. Finally the objective of the experiment is met and the results were acceptable as it is quite accurate. Recommendations To improve on accuracy of results, we have to take into concern environmental factors such as the fan in the lab. It could affect the experimental findings as it blows away tiny light weight crystals while transferring them from one place to another. This would lead to loss of recrystallised crystals and cause variation in our calculations. When carrying out the suction filtration, it is strongly advisable to use 2 or more filter papers to prevent the tearing of the filter papers during the suction filtration due to the pressure. This would lead to the crystals to be in contact with lots of water and cause the crystals to dissolve. This might also cause inaccuracy to results. Moreover, when transferring the crystals into the Buchner flask before suction filtration, cold water is the most suitable to wash down the crystals as it minimises dissolving of crystals unlike fresh new solvents. All the chemicals must be handles in the fumehood to prevent any corrosive chemicals such as salicylic acid, acetic anhydride and sulphuric acid to be in contact with our body. This is so as these chemicals can cause irritation to body parts such as eyes and skin and can also cause bad burns.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay -- Jean Jacques Rousseau Biographies Essay

Jean-Jacques Rousseau   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people.† (Josephson 9) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28, 1712. He became the son of Isaac Rousseau, a plebian class watchmaker, and Suzanne Bernard, the daughter of a minister who died shortly after giving birth to him. Rousseau’s baptism ceremony was a traditional one held at St. Peter’s Cathedral on July 4, 1712 by the reverend senebies. He had an elder brother who had a â€Å"loose character†, but Rousseau loved him anyway. At an early age, Rousseau found a love for reading. His mother had an inheritance of some money and many romantic books and novels, so those are the first that he read. He and his father would read for so many hours sometimes they would read continuously through the night and on into the next day. His father had a recklessly violent temper, and after a minor infraction with a police officer, fled from Geneva to Canten Vaud in Myon, which is 12 miles from Geneva, and there he continued his profession. Rousseau was ten years old. He was then sent to live with his maternal uncle Bernard, a military engineer in the service of the city-state, and aunt Madame Goncerut, who instilled in him a great passion for music. Deprived of parental love and affection, Rousseau’s childhood was miserable. He was sent, along with his younger cousin, to be tutored by a Protestant preacher at Bossey, about four miles away at the base of Mont Salà ¨ve. Rousseau loved living in a pleasant land of valleys and hills, and so found the love of nature. It was also at Bossey where Rousseau established a gruesome affection for the pastor’s daughter, who was thirty years old. Two years passed before uncle Bernard withdrew the two boys because they were wrongly accused and beaten for some petty fact. They were then taken back to his aunt and uncle’s home at the Grande Rue in Geneva. The boys were not placed back in regular school, but were taught mathematics and drawing by uncle Bernard. They spoke of making him a pastor, but they did not have enough money to send him, so Rousseau was placed as a notary to his uncle who was a lawyer who thought Rousseau was unqualified and sent him back. He was next placed as an engraver in April 1725. His master was also a violent man like his father who fed Rousseau poorly and often treated him harshly. T... ...Catholic and with 20 francs in hand. Jean Jacques Rousseau†¦George R. Havens Rousseau had only one brother, â€Å"on whom the spirit of the father came down in ample measure, just as the sensibility of the mother decended upon jean-jacques.† He was a rebellious boy and finally ran away to Germany, never to be seen again, so Rousseau was basically an only child. Rousseau†¦..John Morely The details of his childhoos are important because they helped him form the educational theories that are still up to date in our modern world, and also because they give some clues about why he acted the way he did in his later years. Rousseau’s parents were very loyal and devoted to one another ever since the young age of eight. For almost thirteen years, Jean-Jacques father was inconsolable. According to his Confessions, his father said he say his wife in Jean-Jacques. But what Jean-Jacques did not understand is why his father did not realize that it was he who took her from him. Jean-Jacques Rousseau†¦.C.H. Dobinson â€Å"I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people.† Parents married on june 2, 1704. First son, Francois born in 1705. Jean-Jacques Rousseau- Josephson

Vertigo and Its Treatment :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Vertigo and Its Treatment In our everyday lives, we almost take for granted this idea of balance or equilibrium that is maintained within our bodies. In general, no real thought processes are required. It is only when something is disturbed within our balance system that one is able to take notice of changes in the equilibrium. There may be several different factors that cause a disturbance to our bodies. One major area pertains to dizziness. Dizziness is found to be "the chief complaint in 8 million physician visits a year" (1). Vertigo is one type of dizziness, causing illusions of movement, that is being researched more and more today because of its widespread symptoms. In order to better understand vertigo, it is first necessary to look into where equilibrium and movement are maintained within the body. Equilibrium in our bodies is coordinated primarily by the brain, specifically at the brainstem, located in the neck area. The environment provides the information necessary for the equilibrium center to determine which position to place the body in. There are three main places in which information is received: the eyes provide visual information, the ears provide vestibular and auditory information, and the articulations provide proprioceptive information. In general, the eyes help position the body according to different horizontal angles in relation to the ground. The ears allow the body to acknowledge any type of movement, such as acceleration or deceleration, by registering various sounds (1). Movement is also processed in parts of the brain, as well as in the ears. The frontal lobes of the brain initiate and coordinate the planning of movements . The basal ganglia, in the ears, add control and fluidity to movements, and the cerebellum processes information from and to the rest of the body. Vertigo is a classification under dizziness that results in a spinning sensation or illusion of movement. (Many people who experience dizzy sensations often do not have vertigo, but instead, are found to have the common lightheadedness). Vertigo arises from disturbances in the vestibular system or neural structures such as the cerebellum, the brain stem, and the proprioceptive fibers along the spine. Symptoms of vertigo include "an unsteadiness sensation when walking, rotary sensations, a sensation of being afloat on the air, feeling of a hollow space in the head, etc" (2). Some autonomic symptoms such as sweating, nausea, and vomitting are found to accompany vertigo attacks (3).

Country Risk Analysis

Running head: COUNTRY RISK ANALYSIS Balance of Payment The current account balance of China amounts to 297. 1 bn US$ in the financial year 2009, whereas for the Guatemala it amounts to -0. 62 bn US$ in the same financial year (China's current-account balance 1982-2009). This implies that the current account balance of the home country stood at surplus as compared to that of the host country. As far as capital account is concerned, it amounts to 109. bn US$ in 2009 for China whereas for Guatemala was far less compared to that of China which implies that the home country's capital account balance is also at surplus in comparison to that of host country. Apart from the current account and the capital account balances of both the countries, the official gold holding of China as on December 2009 amounts to 1054 tonnes which was equivalent to 1. 5% of the of the national forex reserve, whereas for that of Guatemala, it was 6. tonnes in the same financial year equivalent to that of 4. 5% of the national forex reserve (Guatemala Economic Statistics and Indicators, 2010). Government variables: The government of China has been actively involved in formulating an effective fiscal policy so that the key projects can be easily financed by issuing government debt. Apart from the fiscal policy, the monetary policy is formulated in coordination to that of the fiscal policy so as to promote economic growth by containing deflation to the extent possible. As far as the monetary and the fiscal policy of Guatemala is concerned, a series of structural reform is done with a primary motive to increase the economic efficiency by strengthening balance of payments and controlling inflation. The monetary rate has been stable because of the strict fiscal administration and the abundance of natural resources. The legal court system of china is based on civil law which was divided into four level court system of which at the highest level is the supreme people's court, then local people's court and court of special jurisdiction lso known as special court. All these level of court systems ensure fairness in all the legal proceedings at china. The legal system of Guatemala follows a more of standard European prosecutorial model which implies providing evidence to the judge in an open public court so as to enable him to take decisions based on the evidence presented. As the decisions taken by the judge based on the evidence results into correct deci sions, this implies the fairness of the Guatemala's court system (Legal system of Guatemala). The corporate laws and regulations has been formulated in China as well as the Guatemala with an intention to protect the legitimate rights and interests of companies, shareholders and creditors (Company Law of the People's Republic of China, 2005). In order to comply with the world trade organization agreement on trade related aspect of intellectual property rights, China has strengthened its legal framework and has also amended its intellectual property rights. Counterfeiters and pirates has been the most in Chinese economy, as a result it is essential to have a better intellectual property right environment in china. Although the commitment from the central government official to tackle the problem is quite high but it has not been appropriate to deter the major IPR infringement. The intellectual property right is also not secure in guatemala due to the increased pirated related activities, hence government needs to take necessary action in order to solve such crucial problem. A trade union act has been formulated in accordance with the constitution to protect the positions of trade union which ultimately leads to the development of china's socialist movements. This act protects the legal rights of the employees. The activities of the union in the Guatemala has been pathetic. It has been increasingly violated after the enactment of Dominican republic central America trade agreement. The steps taken by the government becomes ineffective in addressing this concern (Labor Rights in Guatemala). Infrastructure: The transportation facility in China is improving as the government of china is investing huge funds in the development of roads, highway and expressway. Similar is the condition in vase of Guatemala where government is actively participating in improving the transportation facilities. The port of Tianjin is an international trading port in china of whose the land area is more than 20 km. Vessels of 70000-80000 dwt can sail in on the tide. Its through put was around 57. 87million tons. A notice on the management of foreign trade in free trade zone has been issued by the ministry of commerce and the general office of the general administration which clarifies the way through which foreign trade and distribution rights can be obtained by the operators inside the zone. In Guatemala also, there are various free trade zones along with many industrial parks which results into competitive advantage for the investors (China: Trading in Free Trade Zones, 2006). The banking, environmental and the educational factors are somewhat similar in both the countries. The banking in china has undergone lots of changes and it has remain in the hands of the government even after banks has given more autonomy. The educational activity on the part of the government is increasing in Guatemala as the education budget accounted for 15. % of the central government budget. The environmental issues in Guatemala are in relation to soil erosion, acid rain, water pollution etc. , whereas excessive growth has also raised various environmental issues in china. References: Company Law of the People's Republic of China, 2005. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/bizchina/2006-04/17/content_569258. htm China: Trading in Free Trade Zones, 2006. Retrieved Apr il 24, 2010 from http://www. hg. org/articles/article_1191. tml China's current-account balance 1982-2009. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from http://www. chinability. com/CurrentAccount. htm Guatemala Economic Statistics and Indicators, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from http://www. economywatch. com/economic-statistics/country/Guatemala/ Legal system of guatemala. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from www. oas. org/juridico/Mla/en/gtm/en_gtm-int-description. pdf Labor Rights in Guatemala. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from www. ghrc-usa. org/Publications/factsheet_LaborRights. pdf

Period Comparison Essay

The two paintings I chose to compare are The Virgin and Child by Rogier van der Weyden (1406, Netherlandish; gallery room 207) and The Crucifixion by Francisco de Zurbaran (1627, Spanish; gallery room 215). These two paintings focus on Jesus Christ, his humanity and his divinity. I chose them because they represent Jesus’ fragile humanity through his infancy and death. These paintings struck me as different from the other religious art I had seen because it stresses humanity without sacrificing divinity. Weyden illustrates the beauty of humanity with a poignant portrait of The Virgin Mary breastfeeding Jesus as an infant. The sheer tenderness of this most simple and necessary bonding between the mother and the child is captured in this painting. It is a feeling that only a mother can understand but it is capable of touching everybody because everybody plays at least one of these roles throughout their lifetime. The beauty and simplicity of human nature is also contrasted with the jewels that adorn Mary’s robe and the velvet drape behind her. It seems to me that it implies divinity though one could also interpret that as something else. Although this was a painting for private devotion and intended to capture a beautiful moment, one can also see the dark side of human nature in this painting. Exotic and expensive jewels surround Mary and Jesus. But why jewels? Why were jewels chosen to represent the divine? Jesus spoke against material riches saying that only those rich in spirit can enter the kingdom of Heaven. Jewels can also be interpreted as money and that is of course a necessary evil. If money is the root of all evil and human nature by definition is imperfect and tends to stray towards evil, then this painting takes on a whole new meaning to me. This means that nobody, even Jesus, can be perfect if he is limited to being a mortal human being. To me, the painting goes much deeper than what is actually presented. Whether he intended to or not, Weyden created a statement of God enjoying the beauty of his humanity but also dealing with the ugliness that comes along. The jewels represent humanity because even though they are beautiful and marvelous on the outside, beneath they cannot escape the evil that is. For the jewels it is  the greed and the bloodshed and everything else money represents that seems to stain it’s beauty. For man, it is the amazing and marvelous things we can create that are also stained with the atrocities that we are capable of. Obviously there is more to this painting than meets the eye but there is something interesting in the way the two are positioned. Mary, with her breast exposed preparing to feed her son means that Jesus is still in his infancy. Infants are very helpless and vulnerable, but Jesus appears to be sitting upright, albeit with support. The look in his eyes gives a feeling of intelligence and wisdom while at the same time they are still doe-eyed and innocent. However, the most interesting point is the position of the infant’s arms. He sits upright with his hands almost offering a blessing. A similar pose can be seen in Rembrandt’s Christ Healing the Sick. The other painting that captured my thoughts was one by Francisco de Zurbaran. Even though it was painted over a century later in a different part of Europe, the two paintings seem to intertwine to deliver a strong message. This painting, which is considered Zurbaran’s lost masterpiece, is a massive painting designed originally for a church, the church of Dominican of San Pablo el Real in Seville. It dwarfs Weyden’s tiny Virgin and Child. These seemingly opposite paintings oddly enough have so many similarities. They both portray Jesus in fragile states yet this differs from the first because it deals with Christ’s death. The picture is a somber one with depth that is so life like, it was often mistaken for sculpture when viewed from far away. It portrays Jesus hanging from the cross. He is in the classic position with nails driven through his palms. There are no other objects in the background; it is just Jesus, his cross and a mysterious source of light. According to the background history of the painting, the light suggests divinity. Both paintings have symbols for divinity but are radically contrasted at the same time. Christ is left on the cross, alone and tortured whereas the first is the comfort of infancy. The Crucifixion, in all its great size and beauty reflects what a huge, momentous event Jesus’ death really was. The Crucifixion does contrast the first painting because instead of intricate  poses and fine jewels, it is just simply death. The painting is so good because it is something so simple and raw that it is beyond words. No words can capture the sorrow and the pain of that very moment like Zubrbaran can with his brush. It stands profound and intimidating. It draws upon our experience and our knowledge of death. We are there, we are seeing the fault and the evil of humanity. â€Å"We have killed our creator,† Zurbaran seems to say. He seems to be screaming it in your ear while at the same time we are enveloped by a deafening silence. It is enough to put you in awe of what humanity is. It seems to put us in the same state of mind early man must have been in when looking upon the dark, infinite sky above. The light source is another interesting and debatable point. It seems to bring a source of comfort, if any could be found. It is a single light in a presumably infinite dark and it illuminates the empty corpse of God. If life is death and life is beautiful, it seems that the death of the Lord can be seen as a beautiful thing. God came to live amongst his creation, to teach and to spread the word. In his death however, he created something of much more impact than he ever accomplished in his own lifetime. That leads me in to another point. In his death, that single light source could be just the start, a spark or a flame that would spread like wildfire, spreading the love of God everywhere. It could be represented as not only the death of Christ, but the birth of Christianity. In conclusion, these two paintings seem to go hand in hand. They are completely opposite paintings that tie into each other and almost seem to tell a story. Of course it could be argued that these two paintings have nothing at all in common except for the subject. But it doesn’t really matter what part of the world they are from or what period in history they lived in. What matters is that they saw something, felt something so strong and so profound that they captured it to be acknowledged by all.